Reptile Notes

Reptile- a cold-blooded vertebrate with scaly skin

 The four main reptile groups:

*Crocodilians

*Tortoises/Turtles

*Snakes

*Lizards

Scales- small, overlapping plates that protect the skin

Some reptiles lay eggs; some reptiles give birth to live young

Ectotherm- an animal whose temperature  aries with its surroundings; ectothermic animals are also called cold-blooded

Reptiles must move from warm places to cool places to control their body temperature

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Bird notes

Bird- warm-blooded animals that lay eggs, have feathers and wings.

Clutch- a set of eggs. All birds lay eggs.

Fledgling- a young bird at the time it leaves the nest. Birds use their feathers to fly keep warm & dry and to show off.

Crop- a pouch in a bird's digestive system where swallowed food is stored.

Gizzard- a chamber in an animal's stomach that grinds up food.

Birds are efficient at flight due to their feathers, hollow bones, and strong breast muscles. Thin wings means more air passes over and then they are less dense and so they are more buoyant.

1676- The first classification o fbirds was developed by Francis Willoughby and John Ray in their volume Ornithologiae.

2003- Domesticated birds raised for meat and eggs, called poultry, are the largest source of animal protein eaten by humans.

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Fish Notes

Vertebrate- an animal with a backbone

Gills- an organ used to breathe underwater

Swim bladder- a gas-filled bag that helps a fish to float in water

2003- Scottish scientists at the University of Edinburgh and the Roslin Institute conclided that rainbow trout exhibit behaviors often associated with pain in other animals.

Fish- cold-blooded animals that live in water, they're covered in sclaes and breathe through gills

The fish takes in water through its gills, then it goes through the fillaments and straight o the bloodstream.

The lateral line of a fish(composed of tiny hairs) feels water movement.

Osmosis sucks the water out of fish tso its always thrirsty, while freah water fish never get thirsty

 

 

Amphibian Notes
Amphibian- a cold-blooded vertebrate that lives partly in water and partly on land

The word amphibian comes from the Greek words "amphi" and "bios", meaning double life.

Tadpole- the immature form of a frog or toad

Frogs have wet skin, toads have drier skins

Camouflage and toxic glands help amphibians avoid predators.

2008- the Evolutionary Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) identified nature's most endangered species, 8 of which are amphibians.

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Mammal Notes

Mammals- a warm-blooded with hair that feeds its young milk

Mammary gland- the milk-producing organ of a female mammal

Monotreme- a mammal that lays eggs, such as a duck-billed platyplus

Endotherm- an animal with a constant temperature; endothermic animals are also called warm-blooded

Marsupials-  are born in an immature state and then develop in the mother's pouch. ex. the koala, kangaroo, and the numbat

Placental mammals-   develop inside the mother's placenta and look like their parents when born. Most mammals are placental mammals, like cats, dogs, horses, and people.

Of all chordates, mammals generally take the longest to reproduce.

Mitosis is the division of a cell nucleus to produce two identical cells.